Capital Deepening and Wage Differentials: Germany vs. US Capital deepening may affect the evolution of the wage differential between skilled and unskilled workers differently in countries with different labor market institutions. If labor market institutions raise the relative wage of unskilled workers in Germany, firms have incentives to invest relatively more into capital equipment complement...

plan is represented by an interval that includes the expected utilities of all possible instantiations of that abstract plan. Refining the plan, that is, choosing an instantiation, can only narrow the interval. We can stop refining an abstract plan when its upper expected utility bound is less than the lower bound of some other plan. Forty-one possible plans are implicitly encoded in the abstra...

This technical note is designed to help ecosystem restoration planners and project managers identify the best metrics to evaluate and select the recommended restoration plan, monitor and assess progress toward achieving project objectives, and, if necessary, inform adaptive management decisions. Performance metrics, or measurable system components used to estimate and track the state of critica...

This technical note is designed to help ecosystem restoration planners and project managers identify the best metrics to evaluate and select the recommended restoration plan, monitor and assess progress toward achieving project objectives, and, if necessary, inform adaptive management decisions. Performance metrics, or measurable system components used to estimate and track the state of critica...

Resilience thinkers share an interest in collaborative deliberation with communicative planners, who aim to accommodate different forms of knowledge and styles of reasoning to promote social learning and yield creative and equitable agreements. Members of both fields attended a symposium at Virginia Tech in late 2008, where communicative planners considered how social–ecological resilience info...

The tradeoffformulation task is to identify the central issues in a decision problem by recognizing strategies that are inadmissible on qualitative grounds. SUDO-PLANNER formulates tradeoffs for an example medical decision problem by proving decisiontheoretically that certain plan classes are dominated based on a knowledge base of qualitative relations in the domain. The classical planning repr...