Although eID technology has undergone several development cycles and eID have been issued to citizens of various European countries, it is still not as broadly used as originally expected. One reason is the absence of compelling use cases besides eGovernment. Current Research focuses mainly on the needs of the user and technical aspects. The economic perspective is often disregarded. This is es...

National parks and protected areas in the northern areas of the planet have for a long period been the prerogative of central governments. With the devolution of responsibilities, powers and property rights to regional authorities and indigenous peoples of the North, the quest for local participation in the governing of protected areas have mounted. At the same time the methods for adaptive eco...

1. In recent decades there has been a significant effort to establish marine sanctuaries for the purpose of protecting marine biodiversity and ecological processes. While many studies have demonstrated that marine sanctuaries increase the abundance, diversity, and trophic level of marine fish communities, few have compared these parameters across multiple levels of protection and human modifica...

The present study sustainable management of Guilan Saravan Sylvan Park was planned. The used method in the form of decision support model in three10-year period was studied for parks of various states and with considering the economic, ecological and social criteria during the years 2008 to 2038. By using hierarchical fuzzy analysis method, the reaching to an optimal level of economic, ecologic...

Large, pristine, uninhabited parks are the defining criterion of success in conserving tropical forests, according to some conservationists. It is argued that human residents in tropical forests inevitably deplete populations of large animals through hunting, triggering a chain reaction of ecological events that greatly diminish the conservation value of these forests. Hence, the removal of peo...