The problem of whether recombinant mtDNAs are created in mammalian cells has been controversial for many years. We show convincing evidence for the very rare creation of recombinant mtDNA haplotypes by isolating human somatic hybrid cells and by generating mice carrying two different mtDNA haplotypes. To avoid misinterpretation of PCR-jumping products as recombinants, we used purified mtDNAs fo...

Fire safety is listed among the areas of prime concern for inhabited space exploration. The naturally high risk an accidental fire has to be carefully assessed avoid damaging consequences both crew and spacecraft while fulfilling objectives mission. Twelve acknowledged incidents from past exploration programs are compiled contrasted here. causes described within their respective technological c...

Well-conducted randomized controlled trials are instrumental in providing vital data on safety and efficacy of new molecules under consideration for approval. However acquiring such data involves huge cost and focused scientific endeavor. Selection and reporting of endpoints of a therapy is essential to assess the effect(s) of an intervention on overall disease control and guidelines have sugge...

Abstract Artesian aquifers offer interesting opportunities for water supply by providing a low-vulnerability groundwater resource that is easily abstracted without any installation of pumps or power costs. However, hydraulic tests are challenging to perform, notably where the piezometric head above ground level with free-flowing wells not equipped valves and open years. This paper describes low...

Numerous fault slip models for several large strike-slip earthquakes indicate a reduction of along the uppermost part (Shallow Slip Deficit, SSD). In this paper, we investigate possibility that SSD is an artifact due to simplifications made when model medium. Using set synthetic data 1992 Landers earthquake, show while neglecting topography area has moderate impact on retrieved model, variation...