In this paper, we present a mathematical formulation for saving energy in fixed broadband wireless networks by selectively turning off idle communication devices in low-demand scenarios. This problem relies on a fixed-charge capacitated network design (FCCND), which is very hard to optimize. We then propose heuristic algorithms to produce feasible solutions in a short time.

In the recent decade, special attention is paid to reverse logistic due to economic benefits of recovery and recycling of used products as well as environmental legislation and social concerns. On the other hand، many researches claim that separately and sequential planning of forward and reverse logistic causes sub-optimality. Effective transport activities are also one of the most important c...

BACKGROUND Purchasers can play an important role in eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in health care. A need exists to develop a compelling "business case" from the employer perspective to put, and keep, the issue of racial/ethnic disparities in health care on the quality improvement agenda for health plans and providers. METHODS To illustrate a method for calculating an employer busi...

Different schemes of dispersion management for cascaded transmission systems composed of standard monomode fibers (SMFS) and dispersion compensating fibers have been studied considering the most essential boundary conditions for practical network design. Alternating ordering of the compensation sections is found to improve considerably the eye opening penalty for high amplifier spacings of 120 km.

This paper presents a first look at long-term delay measurements from data connections in 3 Norwegian 3G Networks. We have performed active measurements for more than 6 months from 90 voting locations used in a trial with electronic voting during this fall’s regional elections. Our monitors are geographically spread across all of Norway, and give an unprecedented view of the performance and sta...

This paper considers the time-dependent service network design problem with stochastic demand represented by scenarios. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to address real life-size instances of this problem. The model integrates the balancing of empty vehicles, the cost of handling freight in intermediate terminals, the costs associated with moving freight using the selected services, ...