Increasingly, public open spaces are gaining importance for human well-being in dense, urban areas. In inner city locations, squares can provide easy access to greenery and thus encourage social encounters. Microclimatic conditions influence the squares’ attractiveness. However, knowledge is still limited on impact of different layouts squares, particularly vegetation composition thermal comfor...

Venice is known for its urban heritage fragility. The city experiencing an increase in yearly average temperatures affecting outdoor–indoor comfort and energy expenditure. Owing to existing literature demonstrating how local microclimate depends on density, form, materials, this investigation studies the influence of changing climate Venetian vernacular open spaces, as Campi. Based comparison c...

Many walkability indices have been developed by considering a range of specific indicators. However, comfort indicators at the neighbourhood scale and effects thermal generally not accounted for in such research. To this end, we propose index (CWI) micro-scale. The proposed tool is based on two questionnaires, 330 respondents answered first questionnaire, to evaluate relative coefficient each i...

Understanding the synergistic effect of multiple parameters is helpful to urban planners trying design sustainable cities through a holistic approach. The objective this research was investigate how street aspect ratio (HW), orientation (AO), and greenery parameters, such as leaf area density (LAD) trees (ART), could affect microclimate outdoor thermal comfort canyons in central business distri...

OBJECTIVES This report describes physiological and behavioural mechanisms behind the control of body temperature and thermal comfort during competitive singles tennis. METHODS Thermoregulatory responses and workload were observed during "best of three sets" tennis matches among 25 players. In total, 94 matches were played in ambient temperatures ranging from 14.5 to 38.4 degrees C. The therma...