Unlike animals, which produce single-celled gametes directly from meiotic products, plants have generations which alternate between the diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte (Figure 1A). The diploid sporophytic generation develops from the zygote, the fusion product of haploid gametes. Sporophytic cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores, which divide mitotically to form the multice...

Eleven populations of five Avena species were analysed for meiotic characters including chiasma frequency and distribution as well as chromosomal association and segregation. Plants of a single population of A. eriantha showed the presence of 2n = 14 (diploid) and 2n = 4x = 28 chromosome number. Populations of A. barbata and A. wiestii possessed n = 14, while populations of A. sterilis ssp. lud...

HE success of BLAKESLEE and AVERY (1937) and of NEBEL and T RUTTLE (1938) in inducing polyploidy in plants by means of colchicine treatments has been followed by investigations of other plant materials by a number of workers (EIGSTI 1938, WALKER 1938, DERMEN 1939, LEVAN 1938, and RASMUSSON and LEVAN 1939). While polyploid plants have been obtained by treating diploid plants with colchicine, app...

The evaluation of induced chromosome doubling as a method of plant breeding requires more information on the specific effects of chromosome doubling than is available at the present time. It is important that this information be procured from comparisons of related diploid and tetraploid strains of known origin and similar genetic constitution, Such strains have not been generally available bec...

Polyploidy events are believed to be responsible for increasing the size of plant organs and enhancing tolerance to environmental stresses. Autotetraploid Paulownia australis plants exhibit superior traits compared with their diploid progenitors. Although some transcriptomics studies have been performed and some relevant genes have been revealed, the molecular and biological mechanisms regulati...

SETH4 coding sequence with 2013 bp is a member of gene family expressed in gametophytic tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. This fragment was PCR amplified using Kod Hi Fi DNA polymerase enzyme. This fragment was cloned into pGBKT7 bate vector and transformed E. coli DH5? cells containing vector were selected on LB medium containing Kanamycin. Finally, pGBKT7-SETH4 bate was transformed into yeast ...

Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (2n = 2x 16) is a popular ornamental plant with dimorphism of pollen grains (type A and type B) stigmas (papilla cob-like). We applied polyploidy breeding to this species in order introduce desirable traits. Tetraploid mixoploid L. plants were successfully obtained oryzalin treatment ‘Early Blue’ seeds. All three tetraploids had increased leaf width, stomatal size, ...