Innovation and the adoption of new ideas is fundamental to economic progress. Here we examine the underlying economics of the market for ideas. From a positive perspective, we examine how such markets function with and without government intervention. From a normative perspective, we examine the pitfalls of existing institutions, and how they might be improved. We highlight recent research by u...

D uring the early years of Mach, anyone who talked to Rick Rashid soon encountered two ideas that excited him. One was the idea that operating systems had grown too large and complex, and that the time had come to simplify and shrink. The second was the idea that different operating systems offered the same core functionality XQGHUQHDWK D ORW RI VXSHUÀFLDO GLYHUVLW\ DQG LW VKRXOG WKHUHIRUH EH S...

With cumulative innovation and imperfect information about the value of innovations, intellectual property rights can result in hold-up and therefore it may be better not to have them. Extending the basic cumulative innovation model to include 'sampling' by second-stage firms, we find that the lower the cost of sampling, or the larger the differential between high and low value second-stage inn...

slavophilism is described as a manifestation of national consciousness among russian intellectuals at the early 19th century. the aim of this article is to furnish a ground for understanding slavophilism as an attempt by a group of russian educated elites to confront the intellectual identity crisis. for the explanation of this idea, the article begins with a discussion of the different aspects...

the main purpose of this survey is to study the use of‘dalil aqhl’ in jurisprudential ideas of shekh ansari as oneof the greatest ‘shia’ jurisprudents. the method is basedon analyzing of jurisprudential content and has donethrough studying his relevant book. the result shows thathe blive that wisdom is an inward messenger so heaccepted it as a reason, the indipendent wisdom warrant isacceptable...