there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

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هدف: این مطالعه به منظور بررسی یافته های تست پتانسیل برانگیخته از بینایی در افراد کاندید عمل lasik در پلی کلینیک قدس در سالهای 88 و 89 انجام شده است. روش مطالعه: این مطالعه به صورت یک بررسی توصیفی - تحلیلی مقطعی انجام شده است. حجم نمونه مورد بررسی در این مطالعه شامل 25 نفر بود که تحت درمان به شیوه lasik قرار گرفته بودند. نحوه انتخاب افراد نیز به صورت تصادفی ساده بود. یافته ها: میانگین میزان l...

هدف: این مطالعه به منظور بررسی میزان اثربخشی fractional co2 laser در جوان سازی پوست انجام شده است. روش مطالعه: این مطالعه به صورت یک clinical case series انجام شده است و حجم نمونه مورد بررسی شامل 59 خانم بود که بطور متوالی از بین بیماران مراجعه کننده به کلینیک های پوست و لیزر در سطح شهر تهران در سال 1388 انتخاب شدند. یافته ها: درصد بهبودی در نخستین فالوآپ به طور میانگین 03/85 درصد با انحراف م...

the rise and stublishment of safavid dynasty was depend on triangle of tasavof, tashayo and royalty, kings legitimized their power upon these. therefore for the understanding the functions of that period we must explore the role of this elements. although application and emphsise upon dignities such as; complete mentor (morshede kamel), deputy of absent imam (nayebe imame ghayeb), and god’s sha...

the purpose of this study is identifying effective factors which make customers shop online in iran and investigating the importance of discovered factors in online customers’ decision. in the identifying phase, to discover the factors affecting online shopping behavior of customers in iran, the derived reference model summarizing antecedents of online shopping proposed by change et al. was us...

abstract: one of the most visited & important spaces in different countries by tourist are urban areas. the old tehran which major part is located in district 12 is historical showcase of the capital, but, its hiidden cultural attraction is not used as it should be. this thesis occasionally engage in studying the efficacy of correct installation of travel guide boards in welfare & easily acc...