the aim of this study was to identify the problems of translating markedness structures from english to persian in order to look closely at what possible difficulties translators may face. it also seeks to probe the strategies applied accordingly by iranian translators in translating them. from three translation of blindness novel, the sentences with marked structures were elicited and also the...

apart from other aspects, desert is a natural environment and is one of the appealing terrestrial elements. putting its symbolic and fictional senses aside, the term “desert” bears mystic sense more than material sense. in addition to the worlds materialistic experiences, desert has attracted the attention of writers because it creates a kind of inner experience, which returns the individual in...

 Present research aimed to identify the needs of IRIPF employees as well as prioritizing their needs. To this aim, 3917 employees throughout the country filled out the need assessment questionnaire.  Gathered data analyzed by qui square revealed that different ratio of employees fall into each one of the five need categories (p<0.001). The results also showed a reversed pyramid in which the nee...

Objectives: Medicalization of society means the penetration and spread of medical discourse to subjects and areas of the community that was previously available to other discourses and different types of knowledge. Drug addiction, as a multidimensional social phenomenon, gradually emerged from the social sphere and was dominated by medical discourse. This research tries to identify, on the one ...

Objective: The present study aimed to perform a phenomenological analysis of employees of helping professions involved in addiction. Method: The present research was a qualitative phenomenological study. The statistical population of this study included all employees of helping professions involved in the category of addiction (including counselors, psychologists, social workers, doctors, etc.)...

  Background & Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in both developed and developing countries. Long-term prognosis of breast cancer strongly depends on the stage of disease at diagnosis. More than three months after detecting breast symptoms by Iranian women, they go to visit a doctor. The understanding of life-threatening symptoms and the subsequent responses are di...

Background: Insurance companies sometimes do not reimburse hospitals completely. Reducing the amount of deduction of bills increases hospital’s income and efficiency. This study compares the deductions imposed by social insurance organization on Imam Khomeini hospital’s bills before and after the implementation of health transformation plan.   Material and Methods: Data of this descriptive-de...