In the supply chain management, the supplier can reduce its total cost by providing price discounts to restrict the retailers’ replenishment intervals to multiples of a common replenishment interval. In order to accomplish this purpose, supplier often determined a price discount that all the retailers can accept. After the cost of the supplier was further considered, a better price discount was...

This study considers pricing, production and transportation decisions in a Stackelberg game between three-stage, multi-product, multi-source and single-period supply chains called leader and follower. These chains consist of; manufacturers, distribution centers (DCs) and retailers. Competition type is horizontal and SC vs. SC. The retailers in two chains try to maximize their profit through pri...

multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

Supply chain partnership involves mutual commitments among participating firms. One example is early order commitment, wherein a retailer commits to purchase a fixed-order quantity and delivery time from a supplier before the real need takes place. This paper explores the value of practicing early order commitment in the supply chain. We investigate the complex interactions between early order ...

According to F. J. Sulloway [Sulloway, F. J. (1996). Born to rebel. New York: Pantheon], firstborns can minimize the diversion of parental investment to younger siblings by upholding their parents’ beliefs, or the parental ‘‘status quo.’’ Maintenance of the status quo may translate into the pursuit of different sexual strategies as a function of birth order. Accordingly, Sulloway hypothesized t...