the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and the type of discourse markers used in the argumentative and expository writings of iranian efl learners and the differences between these text features in the two essay genres. the study also aimed at examining the influence of the use of discourse markers on the participants’ writing quality. to this end the discourse markers us...

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر شدت های مختلف تمرین مقاومتی دایره ای بر گرلین و gh پلاسمای زنان جوان غیرورزشکار است. به این منظور 20 زن بالغ جوان به صورت داوطلبانه انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه تجربی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه های تجربی شامل سه گروه بودند که گروه 1 با شدت 1rm %40، گروه 2 با شدت 1rm % 60 و گروه 3 با شدت 1rm %80 به اجرای پروتکل تمرینی پرداختند و گروه کنترل بدون تمرین بودند. قبل و بل...

abstract english language learning in iran has become significant in recent years, and english has been included in the curriculum of iranian schools and universities, and considerable attention has been paid to this language in our society. nevertheless, teaching and learning english in iranian schools has not been able to satisfy the specified goals, so different efl institutes have been est...

nowadays, air pollution is a global problem that has had significant growth by technology development, population growth andindustrial development. industrial development brought natural resources deterioration, more manufacturing products, and more environmental pollutants. if pollutant won’t be controlled, human-being and wildlife will face the critical risks. significant release and critical...

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثر شدت‌های مختلف تمرین مقاومتی دایره‌ای بر گرلین و GH پلاسمای زنان جوان غیرورزشکار است. به این منظور 20 زن بالغ جوان به صورت داوطلبانه انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفی به 4 گروه تجربی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه‌های تجربی شامل سه گروه بودند که گروه 1 با شدت 1RM %40، گروه 2 با شدت 1RM % 60 و گروه 3 با شدت 1RM %80 به اجرای پروتکل تمرینی پرداختند و گروه کنترل بدون تمرین بودند. قبل و بل...

on- the-job training on of the most effective tools for managers to cope with the changing organizational environment. it grantess suitable services to customers, particularly in public service enterprises. if such training os goal oriented, planned systematically, and tailored to the employees, job content, then not only it could increase employees and organizational performance, but also it c...

abstract this study examines the effect of teaching lexical inferencing strategies on developing reading comprehension skill of iranian advanced efl learners. participants were female students of meraj and shokouh institudes of garmsar a quasi-experimental design using two intact advanced classes of efl students at meraj and shokouh institutes. as the first step, a general toefl proficiency te...

cultural iran is a scope that is more extended than the political territories of iran as a political unit. this concept means that cultural geography(mehdi moghanlo-1383-1) of iran is greater than its political geography which, according to history, has a long history extending west-east from kandahar to the euphrates and north-south from the persian gulf to the caucasus including transoxiana a...

the author intend to by studying the historical causes of the appearance of the novation in the west and explanation of its legal nature from past to present of french law, proves on the one hand that the novation does not extracted from the french civil code and in the shiite jurisprudence with quite similar terms even before the enactment of iranian civil code, was considered by the shiite su...