In this paper, a novel resilient multi-echelon closed-loop location-allocation-inventory problem (RMCLIP) is addressed that optimizes strategic and tactical decisions simultaneously. In order to represent the purchasing cost of raw material from the supplier, a pricing model under quantity discounts is employed in the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). Considering the capability of returning the ...

This article provides a short overview of the theory of First Order Automatic Differentiation (AD) for readers unfamiliar with this topic. In particular, we summarize different characterisations of Forward AD, like the vector-matrix based approach, the idea of lifting functions to the algebra of dual numbers, the method of Taylor series expansion on dual numbers and the application of the push-...

O2O (Online to Offline) business model, a kind of new business model between online and offline channel, is put forward by some innovative enterprises. Supply chain decision under O2O business model completely changes price competition in traditional dualchannel supply chains. Operation strategies in O2O supply chains such as price discrimination and service free-riding have become important is...

We present a new approach to Bayesian inference that entirely avoids Markov chain simulation, by constructing a map that pushes forward the prior measure to the posterior measure. Existence and uniqueness of a suitable measure-preserving map is established by formulating the problem in the context of optimal transport theory. We discuss various means of explicitly parameterizing the map and com...

A safe rehabilitation exercise for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries needs to be compatible with the normal knee arthrokinematics to avoid abnormal loading on the joint structures. The objective of this study was to measure the amount of the anterior tibial translation (ATT) of the ACL-deficient knees during selective open and closed kinetic chain exercises. The intact and injured knees...

Fertility of spermatozoa depends on maintenance of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), which is generated by the electron-transport chain and regulated by an oxidation-reduction equilibrium of reactive oxygen intermediates, pyridine nucleotides, and glutathione (GSH). Here, we report that male mice lacking transaldolase (TAL)(-/-) are sterile because of defective forward mo...

The Bayesian approach to inverse problems typically relies on posterior sampling approaches, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo, for which the generation of each sample requires one or more evaluations of the parameter-to-observable map or forward model. When these evaluations are computationally intensive, approximations of the forward model are essential to accelerating sample-based inference. ...

1 Basic aspects of continuous time Markov chains 3 1.1 Markov property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Regular jump chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Holding times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Poisson process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....