Decision-making problems require systematic approach to evaluate alternatives using both quantitative and non-quantitative factors. Standard methods to solve problems lack considerations of non-quantitative factors, in which numeric value is difficult to assign. Different techniques like Fuzzy set theory, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) are presently b...

Even though most American retirees benefit from Medicare coverage, a mounting body of research predicts that many will face large and increasing out-of-pocket expenditures for healthcare costs in retirement and that many already struggle to finance these costs. It is unclear, however, whether the general population understands the likely magnitude of these out-of-pocket expenditures well enough...

Selecting conveniently the proposal kernel and the adjustment multiplier weights of the auxiliary particle filter may increase significantly the accuracy and computational efficiency of the method. However, in practice the optimal proposal kernel and multiplier weights are seldom known. In this paper we present a simulation-based method for constructing offline an approximation of these quantit...

implementation of the risk management concepts into construction practice may enhance the performance of project by taking appropriate response actions against identified risks. this research proposes a multi-criteria group decision making approach for the evaluation of different alternative response scenarios. to take into account the uncertainties inherent in evaluation process, fuzzy logic i...

In a group decision making setting, we consider the potential impact an expert can have on the overall ranking by providing a biased assessment of the alternatives that differs substantially from the majority opinion. In the framework of similarity based averaging functions, we show that some alternative approaches to weighting the experts’ inputs during the aggregation process can minimize the...

BACKGROUND Sonographic fetal weight estimation is an important component of antenatal care. AIM To sonographically estimate fetal weight at term and to compare estimated with actual birth weights to determine the validity of estimated fetal weights. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In the prospective study, a convenience sample of 282 women was recruited. Ethical approval and informed consent of patien...