d’Errico et al.’s (1) conclusion that cultural differences between the Still Bay (SB) and the Howiesons Poort (HP) sites in South Africa (SA) are not accounted for by the risk hypothesis (2) is premature. The risk hypothesis is well-modeled by interaction between risk and mobility as a driver for artifact complexity measured by (number of technounits)/(number of subsistants) = α + βR + e, where...

In this paper we describe the basic algorithmic characteristics of the test of the hypothesis that one group of dependences is consistent with another group of dependences for a case when the error disturbances of this data have normal distribution. Unpaired and paired versions are presented. The aim of our work was to find effective algorithms for biomarker identification in mass (MS) or Raman...

\Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler." A. Einstein, Autobiographical Notes 3] When there are several diierent hypotheses that can explain an observed phenomenon, which of these hypotheses should we choose? Occam, a well known 13th century philosopher, was the rst to formulate a natural idea: choose the simplest of these hypotheses. This principle has been successful...

Human activities are leading to rapid environmental change globally and may affect the eco-evolutionary dynamics of species inhabiting human-dominated landscapes. Theory suggests that increases in environmental heterogeneity should promote variation in reproductive performance among individuals. At the same time, we know that novel environments, such as our urbanizing study system, may represen...

Highly variable patterns of seed production (“masting”) have been hypothesized to be driven by internal dynamics of resource storage and depletion. This hypothesis predicts that if seed production is artificially reduced, then the availability of unused stored resources should result in subsequent enhancement of the seed crop.We tested this prediction in two oak species with contrasting pattern...

One of the simplest methods to construct a 3D city model is to extrude building footprints, to obtain “block-shaped” buildings. While the method is well-known and easy to implement, if the topological relationships between the footprints are not taken into account, the resulting city models will not necessarily be topologically consistent. As a result, the model will be of little use for most a...

This research article provides criticism and arguments why the canonical framework for derivatives pricing is incomplete delta-hedging approach not appropriate. An argument put forward, based on efficient market hypothesis, a proper risk-adjusted discount rate should enter into Black-Scholes model instead of risk-free rate. The resulting equation and, in particular, formula European call option...