Background: Methylphenidate (MPH), Ritalin, is one of the most common medications. The administration of Ritalin leads to increase of the activity of central nervous system. Ritalin may be used for maintaining alertness and improving of attention which may lead to increase of the risk of substance abuse in some cases. There is a little data about the effects of long term treatment with Methylph...

Background Over the last decade there has been an increase in healthcare expenditures while at the same time the inequity in distribution of resources has grown. These two issues have urged the researchers to review the determinants of healthcare expenditures. In this study, we surveyed the determinants of health expenditures in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) countries.   Methods We us...

introduction: the primary somatosensory cortex has an important role in nociceptive sensory-discriminative processing. altered peripheral inputs produced by deafferentation or by long-term changes in levels of afferent stimulation can result in plasticity of cortex. capsaicin-induced depletion of c-fiber afferents results in plasticity of the somatosensory system. plasticity includes short-term...

Nowadays Imaging Radars (IR) finds many applications, in both civilian and defense fields to observe various scenarios over the horizon. Due to the rapid development of space borne and air borne platforms Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) becomes as an electronic eye to monitor different terrain features, various activities on the globe. As a result, analysis of SAR images is desirable to obtain ...

We want to compare the efficacy and safety of vaginal versus sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labor. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 140 women with medical or obstetric indications for labor induction. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: vaginal and sublingual administration of misoprostol. In first group, 25 µg misoprostol was placed...

We want to compare the efficacy and safety of vaginal versus sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labor. This randomized clinical trial was performed on 140 women with medical or obstetric indications for labor induction. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: vaginal and sublingual administration of misoprostol. In first group, 25 µg misoprostol was placed...

background: ritalin has high tendency to be abused. it has been the main indication to control attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. the college students may seek for it to improve their memory, decrease the need for sleep (especially during exams), which at least partially, can be related to serotonergic system. therefore, it seems worthy to evaluate the effect of ritalin intake on mature ...