Consider a two-level inventory system consisting of one supplier and one retailer. The retailer faces a Poisson demand with a known rate and applies base stock (one-for-one ordering) policy. That is, his inventory position is set to a pre-determined level, so the demand pattern is transferred exactly to the supplier. The supplier has an inventory system and a service unit with exponentially dis...

Internet Referral Services, hosted either by independent third-party infomediaries or by manufacturers serve as “lead-generators” in electronic marketplaces, directing consumer traffic to particular retailers. In a model of price dispersion with mixed strategy equilibria, we investigate the competitive implications of these institutions on retailer and manufacturer pricing strategies as well as...

in articles of 196,768 and 769, the iranian civil code, under influence of the french law (art.1121 civ. code) and imamieh's jurisprudence, without any explanation to the legal nature of the contract for the benefit of third party, has briefly allowed the contracting parties to create an obligation for the benefit of third party. this brevity caused an ambiguity in explaining of the relati...

The members of a chain always try to find new ways in order to raise their profit. Hence we intend to study two different scenarios in a single item two-echelon green supply chain including two manufacturers and one retailer to study the effects of two effective contracts on members’ profit. Two scenarios are discussed and in first one, first manufacturer proposes quantity discount contract to ...

this study deals with a two-level supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. we consider an integrated production inventory system where the manufacturer processes raw materials in order to deliver finished product with imperfect quality to the retailer, where number of defective product has a uniform distribution. the retailer receives product and conducts a 100% inspection....

In recent years, the resource shortage and environmental degradation have made enterprises governments increasingly aware of importance sustainable development. Meanwhile, COVID-19 pandemic has also increased medical materials. Based on this, we investigate tradeoff critical devices refurbishing strategies when blockchain is used in three different structures: manufacturer refurbishing, retaile...