Abstract The aim of the paper is to investigate how retributivists should respond apparent tension between moral desert and proportionality in punishment. I argue that rather than attempting show term ‘proportionate punishment’ refers whatever penal treatment offender morally deserves, maintain two things: first, a punishment proportionate when it commensurate seriousness crime; second, offende...

background: the present study was carried out to track and calculate biomagnification factor (bmf) of total mercury (t-hg) between two different trophic levels (i.e., plankton and a planktivorous fish) in a fresh water grazing food chain. methods: experimental organisms were planktonic biomass and silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as a planktivorous fish. silver carp samples were obtain...

Future developments in AI and robotics, brain interfaces, the Internet and virtual and augmented reality, will make possible new types of integration of humans and machines which will change how we think, learn and live. This paper uses a story about a future scenario involving systems of this kind to respond to crises and disasters to explore the possibilities of collective intelligence and co...

The "Sembako Program" is a program carried out by the Indonesian government to improve welfare of low-income communities. purposes this study are: (a) determine classification households that deserve receive basic-food assistance in Koto Panjang Payobasung, West Sumatra, using KNN classifier and (b) optimal number nearest neighbors used process. measure proximity between objects Gower dissimila...