for any educational program to be successful, many factors work hand in hand. based on pervious efl studies, teachers and learners are the keys to gain achievement. granted the fact that explicit and implicit practice plays a key role in education, knowledge of it can help teachers facilitate students’ vocabulary learning. this study investigated to determine the contribution of explicit and i...

current studies in second language (l2) learning have revealed the positive role of corrective feedback (cf) in both oral and written forms in different language features. the present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of both direct and indirect written corrective feedback (wcf) on the use of grammatical collocations in l2 writing. the study also sought to examine whether the effec...

abstract lexical knowledge of complex english words is an important part of language skills and crucial for fluent language use (nation, 2001). the present study, thus, was an attempt to assess the role of morphological decomposition awareness as a vocabulary learning strategy on learners’ productive and receptive recall and recognition of complex english words. so 90 sophomores (female and ma...

two groups of students were assigned as experimental and control ones, and were given instruction on directed reading-thinking activities and after some treatment, they were post-tested. although the initial pre-test did not show any significant differences, the final post-test result revealed that the cooperative reading comprehension helped the experimental group. the cooperative students’...

abstract pragmatics is the study of communicative action in its sociocultural context. communicative action includes not only using speech acts (such as apologizing, complaining, complimenting, and requesting), but also engaging in different types of discourse and participating in speech events of varying length and complexity. the present study aimed to investigate the assessment of pragm...

برای تعیین شاخص­های انحراف از درصد بهینه (dop) و روش تلفیقی تشخیص و توصیه (dris) ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه­ای پیاز (allium cepa l.) و مقایسه دو روش مذکور، نمونه­های برگ از 50 مزرعه جمع­آوری و غلظت­های عناصر غذایی n، p،k ، ca،mg ،fe ،mn ، zn ،cu و b تعیین شدند. با توجه به مقدار عملکرد، مزارع به دو گروه، مزارع با عملکرد بالا و پایین تقسیم شدند. نرم­های dris برای نسبت­های مختلف عناصر غذایی تعیین شدند.  ...