background the ala of the nose, with its particular texture and characteristics, poses both aesthetically and functionally intriguing challenges and is rather problematic regarding choices for reconstructive methods. both flaps and grafts have been used to restore natural structure of nasal ala. the present study summarizes a ten-year experience of reconstructive surgery using small composite g...

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The aim of this paper is to introduce $(L,M)$-fuzzy closurestructure where $L$ and $M$ are strictly two-sided, commutativequantales. Firstly, we define $(L,M)$-fuzzy closure spaces and getsome relations between $(L,M)$-double fuzzy topological spaces and$(L,M)$-fuzzy closure spaces. Then, we introduce initial$(L,M)$-fuzzy closure structures and we prove that the category$(L,M)$-{bf FC} of $(L,M...

chest tube (ct) or tube thoracostomy placement is often indicated following traumatic injuries. premature movement of the chest tube leads to increased hospital complications and costs for patients. placement of a chest tube is indicated in drainage of blood, bile, pus, drain air, and other fluids. although there is a general agreement for the placement of a chest tube, there is little consensu...