with the introduction of communicative language teaching, a large number of studies have concerned with students’ oral participation in language classrooms. although the importance of classroom participation is evident, some language learners are unwilling to engage in oral activities. this passivity and unwillingness to participate in language classroom discussions is known as “reticence”. rev...

the present research study attempted to find out the extent to which two pre-task activities of “glossary of unknown vocabulary items” and “content related support” assisted efl language learners with their performance on listening comprehension questions across two different proficiency levels (low and high). data for this study were obtained from a total of 120 language learners, female and m...

abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...

پژوهش های پیشین نشاندهنده اثر ضد ویروسی فراورده های تهیه شده از گیاه سرخارگل و میوه آقطی سیاه بر ویروس های انسانی جنس a و b در محیط کشت سلولی و در شرایط in vitro می باشند. در این تحقیق اثر ضد ویروسی دو عصاره استاندارد شده تجاری echinacea purpurea (ef) و sambucus nigra (sam) در مقایسه با داروی آمانتادین بر ویروس آنفلوانزای پرندگان h9n2 در شرایط in vivo و in vitro بررسی شده است. برای مطالعه اثر...

heteropoly acids (hpa) and their salts have advantages as catalysts which make them both economically and environmentally attractive, strong br?nsted acidity, exhibiting fast reversible multi-electron redox transformations under rather mild conditions, very high solubility in polar solvents, fairly high thermal stability in the solid states, and efficient oxidizing ability, so that they are imp...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

teachers beliefs have usually been left unattended in the realm of educational research in iranian context. one of those beliefs which seems to impact teachers performance in the classroom is their sense of self-efficacy, which refers to teachers belief in their ability to enhance student achievement and in bringing about positive learning outcomes. the present study aimed to investigate the pr...

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تغییرات ترکیبات شیمیایی و ارزش غذایی سیلوی علوفه نی با افزودن برگ توت، آردجو و آنزیم به روش in vitro و in situ انجام شد. بدین منظور علوفه نی جمع آوری و جهت سیلو نمودن به قطعات 4-2 سانتی متری خرد گردید. سپس با استفاده از برگ توت ( 40 درصد)، آرد جو (10 درصد) و آنزیم به مقدار توصیه شده ( 3 گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک) قبل از سیلو مخلوط و درون سطل های 5 کیلویی پلاستیکی ...

abstract this study evaluated and compared medical terminology and english for the students of medicine (ii) as two representatives of the textbooks available on the iranian market for teaching english to the students of medicine. this research was performed on the basis of a teacher’s and a number of students’ attitudes and the students’ needs analysis for two reasons: first, to investigate...