background:considering the limitation of reports on the translation of research questionnaires, the present study aims to clarify the necessity of correctly conducting the translation process. therefore, it deals with describing the process and the required stages for the cultural adaptation of research instruments in an operational style. consequently, it may provide a platform for researchers...

Natural language database interfaces require translation knowledge to convert user questions into formal database queries. Previously, translation knowledge acquisition heavily depends on human specialties such as NLP, DBMS and domain engineering, consequently undermining domain portability. This paper attempts to semi-automatically construct translation knowledge by introducing a physically-de...

In this paper we present a model for building ontology translation systems between ontology languages and/or ontology tools, where translation decisions are defmed at four different layers: lexical, syntax, semantic, and pragmatic. This layered approach provides a major contribution to the current state of the art in ontology translation, since it makes ontology translation systems easier to bu...

no doubt that the simultaneous interpretation is one of the most difficult types of translation. this type of translation, which is sometimes called oral translation, has many challenges that are familiar to and tangible for the translators. these challenges can be examined in two grounds; first, the content and mechanism of translation, and second, the translator himself. although translators ...

An example-based machine translation (EBMT) system based on analogies requires numerous analogies between linguistic units to work properly. Consequently, long sentences cannot be handled directly in such a framework. In this paper, we inspect the quality of translation of chunks obtained by marker-based chunking in English and French in both directions. Our results show that more than three qu...

We present a new data-driven approach for enhancing the extraction of translation equivalents from comparable corpora which exploits bilingual lexico-semantic knowledge harvested from a parallel corpus. First, the bilingual lexicon obtained from word-aligning the parallel corpus replaces an external seed dictionary, making the approach knowledge-light and portable. Next, instead of using simple...

Rule-based machine translation analyzes source-language sentences using large-scale linguistic knowledge that is given by the developer beforehand. However, it is difficult to give complete linguistic knowledge to the system ex ante because natural language has various linguistic phenomena. Therefore, we worked to develop learning-based machine translation. In learning-based machine translation...

Background:Considering the limitation of reports on the translation of research questionnaires, the present study aims to clarify the necessity of correctly conducting the translation process. Therefore, it deals with describing the process and the required stages for the cultural adaptation of research instruments in an operational style. Consequently, it may provide a platform for researchers...