a r t i c l e i n f o This study empirically identifies the factors which explain the bank credit to the businesses in varying financial environments and emerging global challenges. With the major focus on supply side this study uses the ARDL econometric approach using annual data from the period 1971 to 2010 for Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that the foreign liabilities, domestic de...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Supplier–retailer inventory system Trade credit Defective items Variable production This paper investigates an integrated inventory model with variable production rate and price-sensitive demand rate under two-level trade credit. The model considers two-level trade credit policy in which the retailer receives a full trade credit from its supplier, and offers part...

The five marketing strategies of Alibaba have accelerated its development and helped to distinguish itself in the field of e-trade in the world. Firstly this paper reviews Alibaba’s development, then analyzes its five marketing strategies and the creditability it has attached importance to. Finally it provides some proposals for its future development after the global financial crisis. Keyword:...

by Jeffery W. Gunther and Anna Zhang The banking industry’s treatment of loans has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past two decades. While maintaining their traditional role in originating loans and holding them on their books, banks have become more likely to create and sell securities backed by pools of loans and other debt instruments. Banks’ adoption of the “originate-to-distri...

Peng Bin 1,2,* and Marco Vassallo 3 1 School of International Studies, University of Trento, Via Tommaso Gar 14, Trento 38122, Italy 2 College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 3 Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-046-128-3132 † An initial versio...

This paper examines the phenomenon of profit-increasing consumer exit, and the related phenomenon of profit-decreasing consumer entry. We demonstrate that firms can be better off in shrinking markets and worse off in growing markets, even in the absence of competitive entry or exit. Specifically, firms may benefit if a segment of consumers who are relatively indifferent about consuming any prod...