HiSTORICAL. SINCE ancient times the replacement of a diseased organ of one individual wvith a healthy organ from another has been a surgical dream. In ancient Egypt (3500 B.C.) and ancient India (200 B.C.) the repair of noses destroyed by syphilis or mutilation was frequently attempted with pedicle skin grafts. This art spread to Arabia, Greece, and finally to Ronme, where it was practised by C...

While focusing on Greece and North Macedonia, I will argue that the hegemony of authorized heritage discourse reveals dominance Hellenophilia, which has been continuously reinforced since nineteenth century by archaeological discoveries ancient Greeks. The narratives around Warrior Hero statue in Skopje (2011) New Acropolis Museum Athens (2009) glorify past exclude other historical periods cult...

Hippocrates, often considered the father of Western medicine, lived in ancient Greece shortly after the building of the Second Temple. Despite his numerous contributions to academic and clinical medicine, Hippocrates is likely best known to modern students of medicine through the Hippocratic Oath, a text attributed to Hippocrates and traditionally administered to students shortly before their g...

Although the issue of consent in medical practice has grown immensely in recent years, and it is generally believed that historical cases are unknown, our research amongst original ancient Greek and Byzantine historical sources reveals that it is a very old subject which ancient philosophers and physicians have addressed. Plato, in ancient Greece, connected consent with the quality of a free pe...

saffron (crocus sativus l.) has been considered as a medicinal plant since ancient times and also widely used as food additive for its color, taste and odor. the pharmacological properties of saffron and its main constituents, crocin and safranal have been evaluated using different in vivo and in vitro models. additionally, other lines of studies have found toxicological effects of saffron.  ho...