Heine’s poem ‘Still ist die Nacht, es ruhen die Gassen’ (‘The night is still, the streets are dumb’), written in the early 1820s, describes a nocturnal encounter between the poet and his double. The poet returns to stand under the window of the house where his beloved once lived, only to find his double on duty in his place. To the poet, the double’s sighs and hand-wringing seem to be a mocking...

farouk gouida is an undertaken a contemporary poet who pays attention to the events around and his poetry is full of inspiration techniques which enables him to transfer his thoughts and emotions to the receiver. thus it is necessary to know the inspiration tools which farouk gouida has applied them for a better accompanying between the reader and the poet. the present article – which is in ana...

the influence of social conditions on literature is an issue that many critics and scholars confirm and prove it; as duality is one of the manifestations of the influence of social conditions on the poet. it means that whenever the ambitions and beliefs of poet opposes the social facts, the duality will manifests in his poetry. the reality that the contemporary poets live in, imposes strong con...

The Iranian, or Persian, calendar is solar, with the particularity that the year is defined by two successive, apparent passages of the Sun through the vernal (spring) equinox. It is based on precise astronomical observations, and moreover uses a sophisticated intercalation system, which makes it more accurate than its younger European counterpart, the Gregorian calendar. It is currently used i...

Regionalism is an analytical and critical perspective which focuses on preserving special features of place and attempts to fill the vacuum in architecture. Globalization is a complex multi-stage process that causes increasing complexity of time and place, greater awareness across the global and acceleration of cross cultural interactions. Therefore, the present paper attempts to analyze global...

the signs of sadness, concern and losing one’s thought balance are among the varieties of the manifestation of loneliness in human beings. the contemporary arab poet is a sensitive, bright minded man, living under the dominance of colonialism or anti-freedom organizations, suffering from different forms of loneliness. such a condition will cause that poet to lose his life balance and peaceful b...