abstract title: modify and terminate the contract if financial impossibility the financial performance impossible of the contract set forth because of the financial inability of one who undertake stems from external factors and attributing to the contracting parties is impossible. in the event of financial impossibility the present procedures (based on existing regulation) the possibility of th...

    Capacity Reservation,   Option Contract,   Supplier Selection A key issue for manufacturing firms is planning for outsourced components. In this research, we have considered a manufacturer in a Make-to-Order production environment who has to outsource a special component from a set of suppliers. One selling season is considered and the manufacturer faces uncertain demand during the selling ...

iqala (cancelling of the contract) is a legal act that is formed by sides' satisfactory contract and makes it breakup. imami, hanbali and shafei jurists revocate the iqala. hanafi jurists account iqala revocation into sides of contract, but a new transaction into outsiders. from the maleki jurists viewpoint, iqala is a new transaction, but civil code accounts the iqala tafasokh (breaking u...

This paper explores the role of pooled-producer, e.g. private label, trade intermediation in shaping the range and diversity of exports. Direct sales maintain a firm’s unique product characteristics (‘brand equity’), whereas trade through an intermediary can take two forms – either a wholesaling arrangement that (also) maintains the exporter’s unique brand but imposes a higher marginal cost (vi...

In this paper, Black Scholes’s pricing model was developed to study American option on future contracts of Brent oil. The practical tests of the model show that market priced option contracts as future contracts less than what model did, which mostly represent option contracts with price rather than without price. Moreover, it suggests call option rather than put option. Using t hypothesis test...

restriction of option of meeting place to the sale contract is treated as incontrovertible in both shiite jurisprudence and iranian civil code in such a way that it is considered among necessities of shiite jurisprudence by some and a matter of consensus by others. however, malik and abu hanifa radically denied the prevailing opinion and shafi‘i had his own idea in this connection. since transa...