I. Biosynthesis of Avermectins A. Incorporation of Labeled Precursors B. Biosynthetically Blocked Mutants and Characteristics of Each Step in Avermectin Biosynthetic Pathway 1. aveA {aveAI and aveAIh step for polyketide synthase) 2. aveB (step for glycosylation) 3. aveC (step for C22~23-dehydration) 4. aveD (step for C5 O-methylation) 5. aveE (step for furan ring formation at C6 to C8a) 6. aveF...

The hepatic α-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) is required for optimal α-tocopherol bioavailability in humans; mutations in the human TTPA gene result in the heritable disorder ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED, OMIM #277460). TTP is also expressed in mammalian uterine and placental cells and in the human embryonic yolk-sac, underscoring TTP's significance during fetal development. TTP an...

Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA) are a heterogeneous group of rare neurological disorders involving both central and peripheral nervous system, and in some case other systems and organs, and characterized by degeneration or abnormal development of cerebellum and spinal cord, autosomal recessive inheritance and, in most cases, early onset occurring before the age of 20 years. This g...

a r t i c l e i n f o It is often of interest to infer the behavior of air-breathing aquatic taxa (i.e., divers) based on the characteristics of dive profiles, which are relatively affordable and easy to obtain. However, dives that appear similar in shape or other attributes can reflect multiple activities, confounding their interpretation. Here, we used animal-borne video and environmental dat...

The half reactions of v-aminotransferase (vAT) from Vibrio fluvialis JS17 (v-ATVf) were carried out using purified pyridoxal 50-phosphate-enzyme (PLP-Enz) and pyridoxamine 50-phosphate-enzyme (PMP-Enz) complexes to investigate the relative activities of substrates. In the reaction generating PMP-Enz from PLP-Enz using Lalanine as an amine donor, L-alanine showed about 70% of the initial reactio...