abstract since heubners (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by l2 learners from article-less and article languages. the present study investigated how persian l2 learners of english produce and interpret english definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions. it was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same cen...

در این رساله ابتدا اطلاعاتی پایه ای و مفید درباره ی فضای ضرب داخلی ، فضای هیلبرت ، فضای نرم دار و فضای باناخ بیان شده و در فصل دوم اطلاعاتی راجع به فضای دوگان وعملگرهای خطی بیان شده و در فصل سوم با تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق مقاله a gruss type inequality for sequences of vectors in normed linear spaces and application یک نامساوی دیگر نوع گراوس روی فضاهای خطی نرم دار ارائه واثبات می گردد. وکاربرد آ...

according to coates’s (2004, as cited in zhang, 2010) definition of "conversational dominance" (p.111), it refers to the phenomenon of a speaker dominating others in interaction. specifically, it means how a speaker makes use of certain strategies to get the floor and maintain the floor. thus, the amount of talk is the main measurement for the dominance of the conversation. whether a speaker do...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...

 Background and purpose: Gender inequality can cause waste of human resources, reduce women's social participation, influence women's physical and mental health, cause domestic violence and delay the development of a country. Hence, strategies are required to identify and reduce gender inequality in a society. The purpose of this study was to explain strategies to reduce gender inequality. Mat...

Background: Gender inequality index shows reduction in human development due to inequality between men and women, which results in vulnerability to diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gender inequality in all countries with different levels of income and analyze the relationship between gender inequality index and indicators related to children. Methods: The present ecological...

abstract:‎ literature is said beautiful words of poetry or prose that excites reader’s or listener’s feel. certainly, to ‎be effective, such a text should have certain characteristics. the four elements of the literature: thought, ‎imagination, emotion and style make a text to be literary and effective. emotion and imagination are ‎specific elements of literary texts, while thought and style a...

the central purpose of this study was to conduct a case study about the role of self monitoring in teacher’s use of motivational strategies. furthermore it focused on how these strategies affected students’ motivational behavior. although many studies have been done to investigate teachers’ motivational strategies use (cheng & d?rnyei, 2007; d?rnyei & csizer, 1998; green, 2001, guilloteaux & d?...