Objective(s): Program death 1 (PD-1)/ program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathways, as the main inhibitory checkpoints, induce immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the importance of inhibitor checkpoint receptor (ICR) blockers, their outcomes have been limited by the low immune response rate and induced acquired resistance. Pre-existing tumor-speci...

to evaluate the effectiveness of a single injection of bupivacaine (bpx) application for correction of eso/exodeviations this study has been performed. a retrospective review of 30 patients with eso/exodeviations less than 20 prism diopters (pd). preoperative deviations were recorded in pd, using the alternate prism cover test. postoperative angles at 1 and 3 months were measured in the same ma...