Using long-term data on rainfall and annual runoff, an investigation was made of the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and runoff in the Casamance River basin located in southern Senegal, West Africa. A 5-year moving average was employed to identify trends in the data. Monthly and annual rainfall tends to have been decreasing, and the annual maximum temperature rising from around the...

The “green” water footprint (GWF) of a product is often considered less important than the “blue” water footprint (BWF) as “green” water generally has a low, or even negligible, opportunity cost. However, when considering food, fibre and tree products, is not only a useful indicator of the total appropriation of a natural resource, but from a methodological perspective, blue water footprints ar...

It is widely recognised that the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in south-eastern Australia has been in the grip of a serious drought for many years. Over the period 1997−2006, mean annual rainfall has been approximately 16 percent lower than the long-term (1895−2006) average across the MDB. Runoff has been 39 percent lower over the same period. The continuing drought in the MDB has brought the need...

In this study, we extend a model of daily dryland dynamics by parameterizing a modified version of a minimalistic annual model to examine how the statistical structure of annual rainfall and grazing intensity interact to influence dryland vegetation. With a Monte Carlo approach, an ensemble outcome provides a statistical description of likely dryland vegetation dynamics responding to variations...

Few studies have assessed the spatial association of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence in the world. The aim of this study was to identify the association of climatic factors and ALS incidence in Taiwan. A total of 1,434 subjects with the primary diagnosis of ALS between years 1997 and 2008 were identified in the national health insurance research database. The diagnosis was also ve...