this paper proposes the exchange market algorithm (ema) to solve the combined economic and emission dispatch (ceed) problems in thermal power plants. the ema is a new, robust and efficient algorithm to exploit the global optimum point in optimization problems. existence of two seeking operators in ema provides a high ability in exploiting global optimum point. in order to show the capabilities ...

Notwithstanding a century of prohibition, marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in Canada. Due to the growing public acceptance of recreational marijuana use and ineffectiveness of the existing control system in Canada, the issue surrounding legalizing this illicit drug has received considerable public and political attentions in recent years. Consequently, the newly elected Liber...

the scarcity of water resources and supply resources limitation, have caused an increasing gap between water supply and demand specially in recent decades in almost all regions of the globe. one of the best known solutions proposed by the economists is using the different water pricing approaches thereby obtaining the optimal allocation and social justice. to this purpose, this paper uses the p...

Model uncertainty hampers consensus on the key determinants of economic growth. Some recent cross-country cross-sectional analyses have employed Bayesian Model Averaging to tackle the issue of model uncertainty. This paper extends that approach to panel data models with countryspecific fixed effects in order to simultaneously address model uncertainty and endogeneity issues. The empirical findi...

This study reports the results of a biometrical genetical analysis of scores on a personality inventory (The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, or EPQ), which purports to measure psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion and dissimulation (Lie Scale). The subjects were 544 pairs of twins, from the Maudsley Twin Register. The purpose of the study was to test the applicability of various genotypeen...

Health Care Expenditure and Income in the OECD Reconsidered: Evidence from Panel Data This paper reconsiders the long-run economic relationship between health care expenditure and income using a panel of 20 OECD countries observed over the period 1971-2004. In particular, the paper studies the non-stationarity and cointegration properties between health care spending and income. This is done in...

The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Kelo v. New London allows the use of eminent domain to facilitate private economic development. While the court’s condition for allowing takings was highly expansive, there may be a market failure that warrants state intervention when parcels of land need to be combined for redevelopment. The collective action or strategic holdout problem associated with l...

【Abstract】Recent research has shown that low‐income households have a higher probability of babies being born underweight, which is an indicator of poor health. The causes and effects of the weights of newborn babies need to be analyzed in Japan, where the proportion of low‐weight babies is extremely high relative to the other OECD countries. In this paper, we use panel data by prefecture to an...