Background and purpose: Radiation therapy make an important contribution in the control and treatment of cancers. Lungs are the main organs at risk in esophageal cancer radiotherapy. Difference between the dose distribution due to the treatment planning system (TPS) and the patient's body dose is dependent on the calculation of the treatment planning system algorithm, which is more pronounced i...

  Traditional project evaluation based on discounted cash flow analysis which ignores the upside potentials to an investment from managerial flexibility and innovation is not a suitable approach for evaluating high risk projects such as projects in oil industry. Nowadays, real options valuation approach that borrows ideas from financial options attracts the expert's attentions. In spite of the ...

abstract sensitive and precise voltammetric methods for the determination of trace amounts of furaldehydes, mainly as furfural (f) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (hmf), in waste waters and other matrices is described. determination of total furaldehyde at < ?g g-1 levels in alkaline buffered aqueous media was individually investigated. by the use of ordinary swv and adsorptive square wave ...

in reality, most structures involved in geotechnical engineering are three dimensional in nature, and although in many, plane strain or axisymmetric approximations are reasonable, there are some, for which 3-d treatment is required. the quantity of data, and the size of the various vectors and matrices involved in such analysis, increase dramatically. this has sever implications for computer r...

abstract nowadaysphotovoltaic solar cells (pvs) areacknowledged the fastest growing energy technology in the word, however, they only account for only fraction of current global renewable energy capacity. it isrecognized that this incomplete market penetration has been largely a result of the technology’sexcessive cost. so researchers are trying to find innovative, economic way with theaim of ...

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...