Solar irradiation data is required in many applications to obtain the solar energy output. However, not always available, especially horizontal surface diffuse irradiation. This has led creation of empirical models predict these values. The aim this paper develop an model for estimation hourly irradiance on surfaces. Initially, a set existing have been evaluated test their accuracy. New develop...

The aim of our study was to describe the radiologic findings of extensive acute lung injury associated with limited thoracic irradiation. Limited thoracic irradiation occasionally results in acute lung injury. In this condition, chest radiograph shows diffuse ground-glass appearance in both lungs and thin-section CT scans show diffuse bilateral ground-glass attenuation with traction bronchiecta...

Relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a He-Ne laser are reported. The intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. Our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the l...

This paper aims to predict the periodic variation of ground temperature with depth for time variant condition of ambient air temperature and solar radiation data for Jamshedpur, India. Fourier series and numerical techniques have been used to determine (hottest and coldest day) diurnal and annual temperature variation of the year 2015. The diurnal temperature variation is up to 0.2 m depth of s...

In this paper, we present an overview of the georeferencing capabilities that enable registration of digital maps (raster data) with contours (vector data). This paper outlines the theory and standards used for proper geographic referencing of digital maps, and focuses on extraction of georeferencing information from TIFF and ESRI IMG raster file formats. Given 2D maps and 3D contours, georefer...

Solar panels sustainably harvest energy from the sun. To improve performance, panels are often equipped with a tracking mechanism that computes the sun’s position in the sky throughout the day. Based on the tracker’s estimate of the sun’s location, a controller orients the panel to minimize the angle of incidence between solar radiant energy and the photovoltaic cells on the surface of the pane...