abstract u.s. attack to afghanistan after 9/11 provided opportunities for us who tried to become the dominant power after collapse of ussr and bipolar world. thinkers like fukuyama believed american liberal democrats thought would be universally accepted without resistances. liberal democracy is the best and final model of governance; in this regard, united state has moral responsibilities for...

nowadays, air pollution is a global problem that has had significant growth by technology development, population growth andindustrial development. industrial development brought natural resources deterioration, more manufacturing products, and more environmental pollutants. if pollutant won’t be controlled, human-being and wildlife will face the critical risks. significant release and critical...

The fast growth of urbanism in Iran throughout the last half-century resulted in upholding the expansion of cities as well as the promotion of constructions thereof. Of significant problems and challenges Iran’s cities and metropolises ,in particular, are exposed to, is the failure of urban development plans in control of city height and density. A matter which has led to 100% expansion of the ...

ترجمه با گسترش زبان آغاز شده و اهمیت آن روز به روز افزایش می یابد، و برای اولین بار به عنوان شاخه ای از دانش و روشی برای انتقال علوم، فرهنگ و تجربه در در دوره قاجار در ایران آغاز شد. در حقیقت متون تاریخی از اولین متونی هستند که در ایران ترجمه شدند چرا که به سیاستمداران آن دوره کمک می کردند تا به علل موفقیت جهان غرب و پیشرفت هایشان در طول تاریخ پی ببرند، بنابراین به تدریج ترجمه این گونه متون رون...

terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...

Natural factors are among essential dimensions that shape a city and guide its development. Mountains, rivers, coastlines and valleys are among these factors. Water supply, among others, has an important role in the life and flourishing of a city. In every settlement, the solution to this is considered a part of its urban culture. The Zayandeh-Rud River has been a significant element which has ...

Abstract Old and historical contexts always consider as the major and historical and cultural heritage of cities. Nowadays the role of urban landscape in historical contexts and pedestrian paths is greatly considered by the researchers in urban landscaping, designing and planning. Urban landscape is cultural capitals of the cities and pedestrians are quite interested in it. The rate of effec...