Muscle hyperactivity can manifest as involuntary twitches of muscle fibers or muscle groups or, more rarely, as a long lasting spasm. Clinically evident muscle hyperactivity must be considered abnormal only when it is consistent. Occasional involuntary twitches such as those experienced in the eyelids or in other muscles are probably only reflecting transient states of general stress or nervous...

Though migraine and tension-type headache are common, some primary headache syndromes are relatively rare and poorly recognized in daily practice. Despite the diagnostic challenges, the short-lasting primary headaches are important to recognize because of their excellent but highly selective response to treatment. In 1997 Goadsby and Lipton documented a nosological analysis and definition of a ...

A comprehensive discussion of feasible strategies for sustainable energy supply is urgently needed to achieve a turnaround of the current energy situation. The necessary fundamentals required for the development of a long term energy vision are lacking to a great extent due to the absence of reasonable long term scenarios that fulfill the requirements of climate protection and sustainable energ...

abstract in order to assess the environmental impact of agricultural activity, the long-term sustainability should be considered. in order to achieve solutions to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the production of rainfed sunflower, this assessment was conducted in the north east of iran. four production methods, i.e. conventional tillage (ct), tow reduced tillages (rt1and rt2)...

Gene therapies for neurological diseases with autonomic or gastrointestinal involvement may require global gene expression. Gastrointestinal complications are often associated with Parkinson's disease and autism. Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's brains, are routinely identified in the neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) following colon biopsies from patients. The ENS ...

Gut motility disorders can result from an absent, damaged, or dysfunctional enteric nervous system (ENS). Cell therapy is an exciting prospect to treat these enteric neuropathies and restore gut motility. Previous studies have examined a variety of sources of stem/progenitor cells, but the ability of different sources of cells to generate enteric neurons has not been directly compared. It is im...

This paper presents a new and useful methodology for simultaneous allocation of sectionalizer switches and distributed energy resources (DERs) considering both reliability and supply security aspects. The proposed algorithm defines the proper locations of sectionalizer switching devices in radial distribution networks considering the effect of DER units in the presented cost function and other ...