in new management approaches, in the organizations with inflexible structure, existing of red tapes and interruptions caused by limitations and also non-compliance with environmental changes, create demotivation among staff. with regard to the influence of job motivational potential and its relationship to the type of organizational structure( enabling and dissuasive), the goal of this research...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

there is less published research about how teachers in efl contexts respond to students who are relatively less mature and less competent l2 writers. while writing researchers have examined various issues concerning peer and teacher response in writing-oriented classes, little research has centered on the effect of collaborative tasks particularly dictogloss on writing skills. output collaborat...

یکی از مهم ترین مشکلات سیستم های ofdm عدم توانایی این سیستم ها در حذف سیگنال تداخل در باند فرکانسی سیگنال مطلوب می باشد. برای حذف این تداخلات از روش های شکل دهی پرتو استفاده می شود. دو روش مرسوم شکل دهی پرتو، روش pre-fft (شکل دهی پرتو در حوزه زمان) و روش post-fft (شکل دهی پرتو در حوزه فرکانس) می باشند. برای به روزرسانی وزن ها در هر دو روش راه حل های مختلفی پیشنهاد شده است که می توان همه آن ها ر...

abstract this study aimed at investigating the possible relationship between self-assessment in writing and self-regulation of iranian efl learners. the main purpose of the study was not only to report and inform about this relationship, but also to investigate and find practical outcomes of the incorporation of self-assessment in writing, such as improving writing skill. the research was carr...

الف. موضوع و طرح مسئله (اهمیت موضوع و هدف): چنانچه از مشاهدات محقق بر می آید تأکید معلمان در خواندن متون انگلیسی بر سطح زبانی متن می باشد. این در حالی است که زبان اصولاً پدیده بسیار پیچیده تری می باشد؛ چرا که یکی از توانائیهای خاص انسان پیچیده در اجتماع پیچیده می باشد. نساجی (2003) معتقد است که خواندن متن شامل مجموعه ای از مهارت های زبانی و غیرزبانی می باشد. مجموعه ای متشکل از سطح خرد شکافتن لغ...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

language learning courseware has been receiving growing attention by english educators since its advent. a variety of softwares have been designed by software designers and resorted to by language educators to supplement language textbooks. this experimental study investigated how the application of computerized version of language textbooks and the reception of the entire course through comput...

abstract cooperative learning refers to small groups of learners working together as a team to solve a problem, complete a task, or accomplish a common goal. in a cooperative environment one’s success is directly related to the success of other members because the focus on the individual shifts towards the group. to test the effectiveness of the method, using jigsaw technique, a study was cond...

abstract the following study, in the first place, attempted to examine the effect of less experienced teachers participation in experienced teachers classes on their own skills and teaching methodology, in the second place, attempted to find out the role of teachers training in students achievements. for this purpose, 21 efl teachers were selected according to available sampling in kish l...