iv abstract this study examined the linguistic behaviors of two iranian efl teachers each of them teaching learners of two similar proficiency levels, a beginner level and an intermediate level, to investigate the relationship between the learners proficiency levels and the amounts and purposes for l1 use by the two teachers. the study was carried out to investigate whether there were differe...

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

the changes in todays world organization, to the extent that instability can be characterized with the most stable organizations called this afternoon. if you ever change management component, an additional value to the organization was considered, today, these elements become the foundation the organization is survival. the definition of the entrepreneur to identify opportunities to exploit a...

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

abstract there is not much sources about ancient carnival and ceremonies , but some information can be gain from documents . as a matter of fact the ceremonies were a part of zarartiyan principles which zartosht had taken them to his religion . it should be mentioned that the oldest ceremonies are about poster and agriculture principles this seasonal ceremonies were very important for agri...

abstract:assume that y is a banach space such that r(y ) ? 2, where r(.) is garc?a-falset’s coefficient. and x is a banach space which can be continuously embedded in y . we prove that x can be renormed to satisfy the weak fixed point property (w-fpp). on the other hand, assume that k is a scattered compact topological space such that k(!) = ? ; and c(k) is the space of all real continuous ...

the present study was carried on to investigate the use of face-keeping strategies in reaction to complaints by male and female in two different cultures, persian and american english. to see if apology strategies are affected by cultural, contextual preferences and gender of interlocutors in two distinct languages of persian and american english. the hypotheses to be tested were 1) ifids, acce...

in this thesis, at first we investigate the bounded inverse theorem on fuzzy normed linear spaces and study the set of all compact operators on these spaces. then we introduce the notions of fuzzy boundedness and investigate a new norm operators and the relationship between continuity and boundedness. and, we show that the space of all fuzzy bounded operators is complete. finally, we define...

insurers have in the past few decades faced longevity risks - the risk that annuitants survive more than expected - and therefore need a new approach to manage this new risk. in this dissertation we survey methods that hedge longevity risks. these methods use securitization to manage risk, so using modern financial and insurance pricing models, especially wang transform and actuarial concepts, ...