Keggin heteropolyacids (HPAs) are metal–oxygen clusters with strong Bronsted acidity. The conversion of HPAs to metal salts can result in Lewis acidity, improving their performance oxidation reactions. In this review, the main routes for synthesis Keggin-type salts, as well use catalysts processes a plethora substrates, such monoterpenes, olefins, aldehydes, terpene alcohols, and aromatics, des...

Cerium oxide (Ce100), molybdenum (Mo100), and a material containing Ce Mo (CeMo) were synthesized by the Pechini method, using glycerol as polyol. These materials applied for fructose conversion in an aqueous medium. The characterization results show formation of cerium molybdate (Ce2(MoO4)3) CeMo. Ce100 presented good thermal stability, Mo100 sublimation MoO3 polymolybdates was verified. CeMo ...

The abundance of sugarcane bagasse, a by-product juice extraction in sugar factories, serves as an advantage its potential for producing chemicals such levulinic acid (LA). Levulinic contains carbonyl and carboxyl groups that can be utilized many applications, pharmacies, cosmetics, solvents. Bagasse hydrolysis into LA was preceded by alkaline-acid pretreatment to separate cellulose from hemice...

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation can synthesize a series of esters or lactones that have essential application value but are difficult to be synthesized by other methods. Cycloketones oxidized using molecular oxygen, peroxy acids, hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Hydrogen is one the environmental oxidants. Because weak ability peroxide, Bronsted acids and Lewis used catalysts activate carbonyl ketones...