In recent years, great efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by vehicles. Petroleum products produces greenhouse gas emissions, therefore reducing the use of these products can make a major contribution to reducing pollution. The Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem is one of the most widely used routing branches. In this problem, there are vehicle with different capac...

the passenger line planning is a process of strategic long-term decision-making problem in the field of railway passenger planning. a line is a route between starting point and destination with certain stops, which has a certain frequency of train schedule. a new solution based on decomposition algorithm has been proposed in this paper, which is defined in a master problem and two sub problems....

machines that can perform useful tasks. They want to develop the technology of intelligence. They want to be able to design and build computer programs that can solve problems and adapt to new situations. In this article, I discuss case-based reasoning, an AI paradigm that addresses both research agendas. Case-based reasoning is a psychological theory of human cognition. It addresses issues in ...

The aim of this paper is to give a brief introduction to some recent approaches to timetabling problems that have been developed or are under development in the Automated Scheduling, Optimisation and Planning Research Group (ASAP) at the University of Nottingham. We have concentrated upon university timetabling but we believe that some of the methodologies that are described can be used for dif...

CBR is an original AI paradigm based on the adaptation of solutions of past problems in order to solve new similar problems. Hence, a case is a problem with its solution and cases are stored in a case library. The reasoning process follows a cycle that facilitates ‘‘learning’’ from new solved cases. This approach can be also viewed as a lazy learning method when applied for task classification....

In order to overcome a large variety of run-time constraints, robots are being designed to be more resourceful by incorporating more sensory and motor options for any given task. The added flexibility provides a basis for dexterous problem solving, but challenges planners by increasing the complexity of search. Moreover, the cost of functionally equivalent options can vary dramatically. In the ...

Könemann, Leonardi, and Schäfer [14] gave a 2-budget-balanced and groupstrategyproof mechanism for Steiner forest cost-sharing problems. We prove that this mechanism also achieves an O(log k)approximation of the social cost, where k is the number of players. As a consequence, the KLS mechanism has the smallest-possible worst-case efficiency loss, up to constant factors, among all O(1)-budget-ba...

This article proposes a new approach for centralized path planning of multiple aircraft in presence of the obstacle-laden environment under low flying rules. The problem considers as a unified nonlinear constraint optimization problem. The minimum time and control investigate as the cost functions and the maximum velocity and power consider as the constraints. The pseudospectral method applies ...