Previous studies have shown that when a crime occurs, the risk of in adjacent areas increases. To reflect this, previous grid-based prediction combined all cells surrounding event location to be predicted for use model training. However, actual land is continuous rather than set independent as geographic information system. Because patterns occur according detailed method vary, it necessary spa...

This paper determines alternative indexes to measure banking competition from the perspective of industrial economics. Spatial correlation of competition in China’s banking environment is studied from the perspective of spatial economics. A spatial panel data model is built to make an empirical study of factors influencing banking competition. The results show that the global autocorrelation te...

the informal settlements are those parts of city which have been formed without plan or minimum facilities and services. therefore, they are considered as priorities in management cities for services and improving quality of life. in this regard, it is important to get solutions to make positive changes with the lowest cost and direct intervention. therefore, this study aims to explore the link...

metropolitan regions as a result of the steady stream of urbanization in industrial period which have occurred during 20th century, become the engine of countries growth and development. in the process of formation and development in these areas, spatial structuring that define through two elements of population and activity with the communication structure interacting between them, has been ef...

Spatial-frequency characteristics of letter identification are much better understood in the fovea than in the periphery. The purpose of this study was to compare the spatial-frequency characteristics of letter identification in central and peripheral vision. We measured contrast thresholds for identifying single, Times-Roman lower-case letters that were spatially band-pass filtered. Each of th...

It is widely recognised that Spatial Data Infrastructures should support and facilitate the network of spatial data flows between organisations. This chapter focuses on the characteristics of the nodes in this network, which are the organisations that access, use and share spatial data to support their (business) processes. Case study research findings are presented which suggest that structura...

temporal and spatial variations of fire behavior can be predicted using one of the semi-physical or empirical models developed over recent years. this article investigates the effect of different fuel moisture conditions on fire spread and behavior in national golestan park in july 2011 using farsite, flammap simulation systems, and previous ignition history. landscape data contains the topogra...