INTRODUCTION This article presents recent developments in biomedical interventions for prevention of sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of results from randomised clinical trials on the use of antiretroviral (ARV) medications and other biomedical methods to prevent the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection. RESULTS...

The invasion of Theileria sporozoites into bovine leukocytes is rapidly followed by the destruction of the surrounding host cell membrane, allowing the parasite to establish its niche within the host cell cytoplasm. Theileria infection induces host cell transformation, characterised by increased host cell proliferation and invasiveness, and the activation of anti-apoptotic genes. This process i...

BACKGROUND Although HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) via early antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proven to reduce transmissions among HIV-serodiscordant couples, its full implementation in developing countries remains a challenge. In this study, we determine whether China's current HIV treatment program prevents new HIV infections among discordant couples in rural China. METHODS A prospectiv...

BACKGROUND HCV transmission remains high in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Montréal. New direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), highly effective and more tolerable than previous regimens, make a "Treatment as Prevention" (TasP) strategy more feasible. This study assesses how improvements in the cascade of care could impact hepatitis C burden among PWID in Montréal. METHODS We used a dynamic mode...

746. University of Washington Tele-Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (UW-TASP/ECHO): Collaboration Across Washington State to Improve Antimicrobial Use Yuan Zhou, MD; John B. Lynch, MD, MPH; Paul S. Pottinger, MD, FIDSA; John Scott, MD, MSc, FIDSA; Laura A.S. Quilter, MD; Marisa D’Angeli, MD, MPH; Zahra Kassamali, PharmD; Rupali Jain, PharmD, FIDSA; Robert J. Cybulski, PhD and Natalia Martinez-...

We report laboratory experiments that use new, visually oriented software to explore the dynamics of 3 × 3 games with intransitive best responses. Each moment, each player is matched against the entire population, here 8 human subjects. A “heat map” offers instantaneous feedback on current profit opportunities. In the continuous slow adjustment treatment, we see distinct cycles in the populatio...

BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the field experiences and recommendations of clinic-based health care providers (HCP) regarding the implementation of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS In Hlabisa sub-district, the local HIV programme of the Department of Health (DoH) is decentralized in 18 clinics, where ART was offered at a CD4 count ≤500 cel...