in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

this study was conducted to investigate the effect of favorite-text on iranian intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary development. sixty learners from nour-al-mahdi english institute participated in the present study. having been homogenized by oxford placement test (opt), they were randomly assigned into two groups of 30, control and experimental. then both groups sat for a pre-test which was a...

During the development of plans, executive approaches are generally not taken into consideration. That is to say, normally implementation methods and executive schemes lie within each of the plans. For the preparation of the plans' executive schemes, it is necessary to make use of the work structure of each plan. In this study, through presentation of a task regulation model, the arrangement an...

  Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal pain is an important subject in the world and it is a one of the greatest problem of occupational health in developing countries. Also, the musculoskeletal pain is common in offices due to prolonged awkward postures . On the other hand, this disorder can reduce the employees' job satisfaction and productivity of organization. The aim of this stu...

it is not possible to understand developments of a country’s culture and civilization without knowing his believes and myths. whether it is north or south, east or west, planes or mountains, sahara or deserts, here in iran every corner includes valuable and precious treasures which are known all over the world, and cultural – historical objects which are found here adorn all well known museums...

Talent management is one of the most important challenges faced by management of companies. Uncertainty in predicting competencies that are critical for companies and the inability to accurately estimate the voluntary of talents turnover, has required adapting concepts from the supply chain management, such as supply and strategic sourcing in talent management. The purpose of this research was ...

Due to the fact that organizational well-being seeks to improve happiness and performance in the workplace by adopting a positive approach, this study aimed at designing organizational well-being model in the National Iranian Gas Company. This research is developmental and applied in terms of purpose and qualitative-exploratory research in terms of nature. Data were collected through snowball s...