learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...

Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Ebrāhim Qomi (born in 307AH) is one of the most eminent hadith narrators. The Shiite experts have verified his trusteeship. The exegesis attributed to him which is now accessible for all, includes points that is not in accordance with his scientific status. According to the authors of the present article, in this exegesis there are some forged narrations which stand on exag...

reinsurance is widely recognized as an important instrument in the capital management of an insurance company as well as its risk management tool. this thesis is intended to determine premium rates for different types of reinsurance policies. also, given the fact that the reinsurance coverage of every company depends upon its reserves, so different types of reserves and the method of their calc...

Experts in criticism and amendment have criticized some narrators of hadith because of some attributes, special moral traits or particular convictions. Belief in exaggeration and authorization is one of the factors which the narrators in earlier sources of transmitters of hadith have considered blameworthy. This phenomenon was widespread among the transmitters of the hadith of the Imams in th...

Experts in criticism and amendment have criticized some narrators of hadith because of some attributes, special moral traits or particular convictions. Belief in exaggeration and authorization is one of the factors which the narrators in earlier sources of transmitters of hadith have considered blameworthy. This phenomenon was widespread among the transmitters of the hadith of the Imams in th...

abstract the cr(iii) and zn(ii) complexes with 2-((9,10-dihydro-1-hydroxy-9,10-dioxaanthracen-4-yloxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid as ligand have been prepared by reacting cr(no3) and zn(no3)2 and ligand in cloroform. the cr and zn complexes with 2-((9,10-dihydro-1-hydroxy-9,10-dioxaanthracen-4-yloxy)carbonyl) were also prepared in chloroform and aceton solutions. the uv-visible and ft-ir spectra of...

colonialism is an important factor in cultural production and many of cultural constructs all over the world. english and english language teaching are at the center of the contemporary world. postcolonial literature, the genre achebe exercised, is a kind of historical text which has become central to different debates and criticisms. in this thesis, different elements related to the colonial...

a novel silver (ag) nanocomposite electrode was proposed that fabricated from metal nanostructures and ionic liquids. the combined application of unique properties of nanomaterials and ionic liquids in the design of this ag nanocomposite results in electrodes with interesting advantages compared to the conventional metal disk electrode. in the first part of this thesis, the elecrocatalytic eff...