This paper deals with the problem of testing statisticalhypotheses when the available data are fuzzy. In this approach, wefirst obtain a fuzzy test statistic based on fuzzy data, and then,based on a new signed distance between fuzzy numbers, we introducea new decision rule to accept/reject the hypothesis of interest.The proposed approach is investigated for two cases: the casewithout nuisance p...

This paper discusses a known-plaintext attack on a redundancy reducing cipher method which is proposed by Wayner. We also propose an extension of Wayner’s redundancy reducing cipher scheme so that the security will be improved greatly.

.................................................................................................... 4 CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS ........................................................... 7 ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................

KeeLoq is a lightweight block cipher which is extensively used in the automotive industry [7, 8, 14, 15]. Its periodic structure, and overall simplicity makes it vulnerable to many different attacks. Only certain attacks are considered as really “practical” attacks on KeeLoq: the brute force, and several other attacks which require up to 2 known plaintexts and are then much faster than brute fo...

We prove that the set of DES permutations (encryption and decryption for each DES key) is not closed under functional composition. This implies that, in general, multiple DES-encryption is not equivalent to single DES-encryption, and that DES is not susceptible to a particular known-plaintext attack which requires, on average, 228 steps. We also show that the size of the subgroup generated by t...

As noted below, most researchers agree that young babies should sleep in the same room where their parents sleep. The point of disagreement is whether parents should be advised against sharing their beds. Some researchers think that the safest arrangement involves cosleeping without sharing the same bed—-i.e., placing a young infant in a crib or “side car” that is within arm’s reach of his parent.