according to a basic prediction made by the revised hierarchical model (rhm,kroll & stewart, 1994), there is no l2 conceptual connection at the beginning stages of language learning as l2 learners mostly rely on l1 conceptual connections to retrieve the meaning of the l2 words.with increasing proficiency, however, there would be a direct access from l2 to the conceptual system. available litera...

The possible effects of seed priming on mitigating the effects of drought stress on germination and early seedling growth of two rangeland plants were evaluated in a laboratory research during 2015-16 growing season. The research was conducted as a 2×3×3 factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was plant type (Festuca ovina and Bromus ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies of memory priming during anaesthesia with EEG monitoring have observed implicit memory effects for words presented during light and deep anaesthesia with and without surgical stimulation. We hypothesized that memory priming occurs under each of five different combinations of anaesthesia and surgery, and no significant differences occur in memory priming among the fiv...

Although a few studies have investigated the integration between some types of unconscious stimuli, no research has yet explored the integration between unconscious emotional stimuli. This study was designed to provide behavioral evidence for the integration between unconsciously perceived emotional faces (same or different valence relation) using a modified priming paradigm. In two experiments...

BACKGROUND Expectancy is widely accepted as a key contributor to placebo effects. However, it is not known whether non-conscious expectancies achieved through semantic priming may contribute to placebo analgesia. In this study, we investigated if an implicit priming procedure, where participants were unaware of the intended priming influence, affected placebo analgesia. METHODS In a double-bl...

Growing empirical evidence indicates that invertebrates become more resistant to a pathogen following initial exposure to a nonlethal dose; yet the generality, mechanisms, and adaptive value of such immune priming are still under debate. Because life-history theory predicts that immune priming and large investment in immunity should be more frequent in long-lived species, we here tested for imm...

The genus AnthemisL. (Asteraceae) as medicinal plants are used both for pharmaceutical purposes and in folk medicine. In order to study of seed priming effects on seedling growth of two species of Anthemis spp., an factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Research Institute of Forests...

Priming tekniği, tohumun ekim öncesinde su veya düşük ozmotik potansiyele sahip çözelti içerisinde belirli bir süre ve sıcaklık altında bekletilerek tekrar kurutulması esasına dayanır. uygulanan tohumlar kurutulduktan sonra direk ekilebilir priming uygulamalarının pragmatik etkilerini kaybetmemek suretiyle sıcaklıklarda uzun depolanabilir. Genel olarak en çok kullanılan teknikleri hidro-priming...