In this paper, we construct two fuzzy sets using the notions of level subsets and strong level subsets of a given fuzzy set in a ring R. These fuzzy sets turn out to be identical and provide a universal construction of a fuzzy ideal generated by a given fuzzy set in a ring. Using this construction and employing the technique of strong level subsets, we provide the shortest and direct fuzzy set ...

According to the functional approach to language evolution (inspired by cognitive linguistics and construction grammar), grammar arises to deal with issues in communication among autonomous agents, particularly maximisation of communicative success and expressive power and minimisation of cognitive effort. Experiments in the emergence of grammar should hence start from a simulation of communica...

– Sustainable evaluation of construction projects in strategy-focused condition is the main issue for municipalities to appropriately improve public sector services. In this respect, the group decision-making methods could help experts to select suitable sustainable projects and to schedule them regarding their ranking results. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present a hybrid group...

this paper presents a prediction model based on a new neuro-fuzzy algorithm for estimating time in construction projects. the output of the proposed prediction model, which is employed based on a locally linear neuro-fuzzy (llnf) model, is useful for assessing a project status at different time horizons. being trained by a locally linear model tree (lolimot) learning algorithm, the model is int...

In this paper, we use parametric form of fuzzy number, then aniterative approach for obtaining approximate solution for a classof nonlinear fuzzy Fredholmintegro-differential equation of the second kindis proposed. This paper presents a method based on Newton-Cotesmethods with positive coefficient. Then we obtain approximatesolution of the nonlinear fuzzy integro-differential equations by an it...