nowadays, the environmental impact of transportation project and, especially air pollution impacts, are major concerns in evaluating transportation projects. based on this concern, beside definition of traditional objective functions like total travel time and total investment cost, different type of environmental related function is considered as objective function in urban network design. in...

Software testing of software application is more complex and critical than conventional software testing. This paper presents an approach to the Estimation of Testing Effort using Test Case Point Analysis Test Case Point Analysis is a tool to estimate the effort required to test a software project, based on the number of use cases and the other features of object-orientation used in software de...

Abstract: Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problem...

this paper deals with a bi-objective hybrid no-wait flowshop scheduling problem minimizing the makespan and total weighted tardiness, in which we consider transportation times between stages. obtaining an optimal solution for this type of complex, large-sized problem in reasonable computational time by using traditional approaches and optimization tools is extremely difficult. this paper presen...

  Bi-level programming, a tool for modeling decentralized decisions, consists of the objective(s) of the leader at its first level and that is of the follower at the second level. Three level programming results when second level is itself a bi-level programming. By extending this idea it is possible to define multi-level programs with any number of levels. Supply chain planning problems are co...

this report presents a rare case of bi-rooted primary maxillary canines. a 6-year-old girl presented at the department of pediatric dentistry, faculty of dentistry, mashhad university of medical sciences, iran, with the chief complaint of pain in the lower right quadrant of her dentition. radiographic examination revealed bifurcation of primary maxillary canine roots. this report discusses the ...

Vendor managed inventory is a continuous replenishment program that is designed to provide major cost saving benefits for both vendors and retailers. Previous research on this area mainly included single objective optimization models where the objective is to minimize the total supply chain costs or to maximize the total supply chain benefits. This paper presents a bi-objective mathematical mod...

In this paper, we propose the new concept of optimal solution for fuzzy variational problems based on the possibility and necessity measures. Inspired by the well–known embedding theorem, we can transform the fuzzy variational problem into a bi–objective variational problem. Then the optimal solutions of fuzzy variational problem can be obtained by solving its corresponding biobjective variatio...