نتایج جستجو برای: Two variable

تعداد نتایج: 2624824  

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this study examined the effect of prior knowledge and vocabulary teaching on iranian efl learners listening comprehension. the current study has two purposes: one is to investigate the effect of background knowledge on the second language listening comprehension of iranian intermediates and the other is to determine whether second language is facilitated by the introduction of unknown vocabularies in the form of prelistening activities. to conduct the study different instruments such as listening proficiency test and four listening tests such as pre and posttests were used and various statistical processes and techniques including paired-sample t-test, and analysis of variance (anova) were used. the findings of this study supported all three hypotheses tested. differences were found between the means of preteaching vocabulary variable, the background knowledge activation variable, and mean difference between these two strategies variable. subjects scored higher when the unknown words were taught in advance. likewise, subjects scored higher when they were asked some relevant questions about the topic than on those without them. there was, in addition, a significant difference between the means of preteaching vocabulary strategy and background knowledge activation strategy. in fact, preteaching vocabulary had a better effect in enhancing the students’ listening comprehension, in comparison to background knowledge activation strategy.

پایان نامه :دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی - دانشکده زبانهای خارجی 1390

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

پایان نامه :0 1374

in fact this study is concerned with the relationship between the variation in thematice structure and the comprehension of spoken language. so the study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any relationship between thematic structure and the comprehension of spoken language? 2. which of the themes would have greated thematic force and be easier for the subjects to comprehend? accord...

Journal: :Journal of Logic, Language and Information 2005
Ian Pratt-Hartmann

The satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems for the two-variable fragment of firstorder logic with counting quantifiers are both in NEXPTIME, even when counting quantifiers are coded succinctly.

2005
Martin Grohe Stephan Kreutzer Nicole Schweikardt

The present paper gives a classification of the expressive power of two-variable least fixed-point logics. The main results are: 1. The two-variable fragment of monadic least fixed-point logic with parameters is as expressive as full monadic least fixed-point logic (on binary structures). 2. The two-variable fragment of monadic least fixed-point logic without parameters is as expressive as the ...

Journal: :CoRR 2004
Ian Pratt-Hartmann

We show that the satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems for the two-variable fragment of first-order logic with counting quantifiers are both in NEXPTIME, even when counting quantifiers are coded succinctly.

Journal: :J. Log. Comput. 2017
Emanuel Kieronski Ian Pratt-Hartmann Lidia Tendera

We consider the satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems for the extension of the two-variable guarded fragment in which an equivalence closure operator can be applied to two distinguished binary predicates. We show that the satisfiability and finite satisfiability problems for this logic are 2-ExpTime-complete. This contrasts with an earlier result that the corresponding problems for ...

Journal: :J. Log. Comput. 2007
Ian Pratt-Hartmann

We show that the finite satisfiability problem for the guarded twovariable fragment with counting quantifiers is in EXPTIME. The method employed also yields a simple proof of the result obtained in Kazakov [6], that the satisfiability problem for the guarded two-variable fragment with counting quantifiers is in EXPTIME.

1997
Tsutomu Sasao Jon T. Butler

A logic function f has a disjoint bi-decomposition i f can be represented as f = h(g1(X1); g2(X2)), where X1 and X2 are disjoint set of variables, and h is an arbitrary two-variable logic fuction. f has a non-disjoint bidecomposition i f can be represented as f(X1;X2; x) = h(g1(X1; x); g2(X2; x)), where x is the common variable. In this paper, we show a fast method to nd bidecompositions. Also,...

پایان نامه :0 1374

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

پایان نامه :دانشگاه امام رضا علیه اسلام - دانشکده ادبیات و زبانهای خارجی 1393

abstract this mixed method study examines whether there is any relationship among the variables of the study (job satisfaction, social capital and motivation). the researcher considered job satisfaction and social capital as independent variables; motivation is the dependent variable of the study. the researcher applied a questionnaire to assess each variable. to measure efl teachers’ job sati...

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