it is necessary to consider the impact of demand uncertainty to model the comprehensive approach for supply chain network design. this paper presents four echelons, multiple commodity, and strategic–tactical model for designing supply chain network. uncertain demand, transportation mode selection with lead time configuration has been considered. a numerical example has been implemented to verif...

Supply chain network design in perishable product has become a challenging task due to its short life time, spoilage of product in degradation nature and stochastic market demand. This paper focused on designing and optimizing model for perishable product in stochastic demand, which comprises multiple levels from producer, local collector, wholesaler and retailers. The ultimate goal is to optim...

closed-loop supply chain network design is a critical issue due to its impact on both economic and environmental performances of the supply chain. in this paper, we address the problem of designing a multi-echelon, multi-product and capacitated closed-loop supply chain network. first, a mixed-integer linear programming formulation is developed to maximize the total profit. the main contribution...

Models that aim to optimize the design of supply chain networks have gained more interest in the supply chain literature. Mixed-integer linear programming and discrete-event simulation are widely used for such an optimization problem. We present a hybrid approach to support decisions for supply chain network design using a combination of analytical and discrete-event simulation models. The prop...

In the recent decades, rapid population growth has led to the significant increase in food demand. Food supply chain has always been one of the most important and challenging management issues. Product with short age, especially foodstuffs, is the most problematic challenges for supply chain management. These challenges are mainly due to the diversity in the number of these goods, the special n...