The upstream petroleum supply chain is inefficient and uneconomical because of the independence of the four complex and fragmented functions which comprise it. Crude oil exploration, trading, transportation, and refining are functions which may be integrated through unified decision-making facilitated by timely information exchange. This exchange has been problematic because the four business u...

Since its beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century, oil refining technology has evolved a continuous process of adaptation to demands society, matters as vital supply energy, lighting, transportation or new materials improve quality life. In that time, this been one greatest examples how technological innovation an industry contributes welfare and development society. The objective manuscript i...

Abstract In imperfectly competitive settings, a firm's price depends on its own costs as well those of competitors. We demonstrate that this has important implications for the estimation and interpretation pass-through. Leveraging large input cost shock resulting from fracking boom, we isolate responses to firm-specific, regional, industry-wide shocks in U.S. oil refining industry. The pass-thr...

Abstract The Teaching Industry (TI) is an institutionalized R&D and innovation activity with a collaborative business model involving local governments, universities, industry. development of TI by ST2P at Technopark Pelalawan based on palm oil as commodities are important to accelerate the downstream Palm product, considering potential for plantations in around 393,330 hectares. purpose de...

The production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE) discarded by the crude oil refining industry using lipase from Candida cylindracea was investigated in a 50-L pilot plant. Diesel oil or kerosene was used as an organic solvent for the transesterification of triglycerides embedded in the waste ABE. When 1% (w/w) lipase was added to waste ABE, the FAME ...

Ethanol has been used, or proposed for use, as a process fluid or separation agent for a number of biorefining operations. These include oil extraction, solvent exchange, displacement drying, protein extraction, blood plasma fractionation, shellac deposition, protein film deposition, corn zein protein extraction, corn total protein extraction and wheat gluten protein from starch physical separa...

Most of existing researches for multi response optimization are based on regression analysis. However, the artificial neural network can be applied for the problem. In this paper, two approaches are proposed by consideration of both methods. In the first approach, regression model of the controllable factors and S/N ratio of each response has been achieved, then a fuzzy programming has been app...