withania somnifera (ws) possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. ws preparations have a potential therapeutic role in the central nervous system (cns) related disorders in animal models. in this study, the possible protective effect of acute aqueous ws root extract on behavioral despair was explored and compared with fluoxetine, an antidepressant with selective serotonin (5-ht) reu...

background and objective: the medicinal plant origanum vulgare. subsp. vulgare in the lamiaceae family has been widely used by iranian people for the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurologic disorders. the present study was carried out to evaluate possible anxiolytic effects of aqueous extract of o. vulgare leaves and the flowering branches in rats.materials and methods: anxiol...

Test washback is held to be complex and multifaceted in that a host of cultural, social, individual, test, and institutional factors are involved in shaping it. Thus far, the majority of washback studies have had as their focus the role of teachers in test washback or washback to teachers. How educational environments or institutions might function in isolation or in interaction with other fact...

introduction: micap is a new notation in which the teeth are indicated by letters (i-incisor, c-canine, p-premolar, m-molar) and numbers [1,2,3] which are written superscript and subscript on the relevant letters. fdi tooth notation is a two digit system where one digit shows quadrant and the second one shows the tooth of the quadrant. this study aimed to compare the short term retention of kno...

pistacia vera l., a member of anacardiaceae family, has been used for sedation and analgesia in traditional medicine. in this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects as well as acute toxicity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of p. vera leaves were investigated in mice. the antinociceptive activity was studied using hot plate and writhing tests. the effect of the extracts a...

purpose : to assess the results of 1-minute and 5-minute schirmer's test (st) when the eyes are open (sto) and closed (stc) in normal participants. methods : in a comparative, observational case series study, 34 normal volunteers were included in the study. inclusion criteria were normal ophthalmologic findings except for refractive errors, no use of contact lenses, no history of previous ...